Dramatic short-term giving increases can be explained: In 1994 in the Education area, the Annenberg Foundation granted $125 million to the University of Pennsylvania for the Annenberg School of Communication and the Annenberg Public Policy Center, $123 million to the University of S. California for the Annenberg Center for Communication, $101 million to the Peddie School, and $13 million to the New American Schools Development Corporation to support K-12 school reform design teams. In 1996 in the Environmental area, the William Penn Foundation granted $27 million to the Fairmount Park Commission for restoration of parks and environmental education in Fairmount Park, Philadelphia. As for 1996 and 1999 growth in the Public/ Society Benefit area, most came from broader support by numerous grantmakers increasing funding for community improvement. Public affairs grants are also included in this category, and increases can be explained by The Pew Charitable Trusts' several large public affairs grants in 1999, including $5 million to the University of Pennsylvania for several research projects to improve the quality of political campaigns, campaign discourse, and civic engagement.